Kale Gets an A+ for its Pro-vitamin A
Our food ranking system qualified kale as an excellent source of vitamin A on account of its concentrated beta-carotene content. Once inside the body, beta-carotene can be converted into vitamin A, so when you eat kale, it's like getting both these beneficial nutrients at once. One cup of kale contains just 36.4 calories, but provides 192.4% of the daily value for vitamin A.
Both vitamin A and beta-carotene are important vision nutrients. In a study of over 50,000 female nurses aged 45 to 67, women who consumed the highest dietary amount of vitamin A had a 39% reduced risk of developing cataracts.
Beta-carotene has also been the subject of extensive research in relationship to cancer prevention and prevention of oxygen-based damage to cells. Beta-carotene may help to protect against certain forms of cancer since it belongs to the family of phytonutrients known as carotenoids.
In population studies, consuming foods high in carotenoids is consistently found to be associated with a lower risk for various epithelial cancers.
(The epithelium includes the cells that cover the entire surface of the body and line most of the internal organs.) In one study of 176 Australian men, researchers examined the diets of of a group treated for skin cancer and a group without cancer.
The researchers found that men who ate more foods rich in beta-carotene, like kale, had a statistically lower risk of developing skin cancer. |
What is kale?
Kale is a leafy green vegetable that belongs to the Brassica family, a group of vegetables including cabbage, collards and Brussels sprouts that have gained recent widespread attention due to their health-promoting, sulfur-containing phytonutrients.
There are several varieties of kale known commonly as curly kale, ornamental kale and dinosaur kale, all of which differ in taste, texture and appearance.
The scientific name for kale is Brassica oleracea.
Curly kale has ruffled leaves and a fibrous stalk and is usually deep green in color.
It has a lively pungent flavor with delicious bitter peppery qualities.
Ornamental kale is a more recently cultivated species that is oftentimes referred to as salad savoy.
Its leaves may either be green, white or purple and its stalks coalesce to form a loosely knit head.
Ornamental kale has a more mellow flavor and tender texture.
Dinosaur kale is the common name for the kale variety known as Lacinato.
It features dark blue-green leaves that have an embossed texture.
It has a slightly sweeter and more delicate taste than curly kale.
The kale is:
- Low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol and Sodium
- High in Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin K, Vitamin B6, Calcium, Potassium, Copper, Manganese, Dietary Fiber, Protein, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Folate, Iron, Magnesium and Phosphorus.
The nutritional value of kale makes it ideal for:
- Maintaining optimum health
- Weight loss
It's OK to include a small amount of kale in your diet if you're interested in:
Nutritional Values
| Preparation |
Serving Size |
Carbs |
Fiber (g) |
Fat (g) |
Energy (kj) |
| Kale (raw) |
35g |
3.5 |
0.5 |
0 |
75 |
| Kale (cooked) |
1/2 cup (65g) |
3.5 |
1.5 |
0.5 |
75 |
|
Health Benefits
Organosulfur Phytonutrients that Help Prevent Cancer
A member of the Brassica family, kale is a great food if you're looking to protect your health and enjoy a delicious food at the same time. It's the organosulfur compounds in this food that have been main subject of phytonutrient research, and these include the glucosinolates and the methyl cysteine sulfoxides.
Although there are over 100 different glucosinolates in plants, only 10-15 are present in kale and other Brassicas. Yet these 10-15 glucosinolates appear able to lessen the occurrence of a wide variety of cancers, including breast and ovarian cancers.
Exactly how kale's sulfur-containing phytonutrients prevent cancer is not yet fully understood, but several researchers point to the ability of its glucosinolates and cysteine sulfoxides to activate detoxifing enzymes in the liver that help neutralize potentially carcinogenic substances. (These detoxifying enzymes include quinone reductases and glutathione-S-transferases). For example, scientists have found that sulforaphane, a potent glucosinolate phytonutrient found in kale and other Brassica vegetables, boosts the body's detoxification enzymes, potentially by altering gene expression, thus helping to clear potentially carcinogenic substances more quickly. Sulforaphane, which is formed when cruciferous vegetables such as kale are chopped or chewed, triggers the liver to produce enzymes that detoxify cancer-causing chemicals, inhibits chemically-induced breast cancers in animal studies, induces colon cancer cells to commit suicide. |
Spinach
boiled 1.00 cup
180.00 grams
41.40 calories
Calorie for calorie, leafy green vegetables like spinach with its delicate texture and jade green color provide more nutrients than any other food. Although spinach is available throughout the year, its season runs from March through May and from September through October when it is the freshest, has the best flavor and is most readily available.
Helping You Bone Up
The vitamin K provided by spinach-almost 200% of the Daily Value in one cup of fresh spinach leaves and over 1000% of the Daily Value in one cup of boiled spinach (which contains about 6 times as much spinach)-is important for maintaining bone health. Vitamin K1 activates osteocalcin, the major non-collagen protein in bone. Osteocalcin anchors calcium molecules inside of the bone. Therefore, without enough vitamin K1, osteocalcin levels are inadequate, and bone mineralization is impaired. Spinach is also an excellent source of other bone-building nutrients including calcium and magnesium. |
Spinach is:
- Low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol
- High in Niacin and Zinc, and a very good source of Dietary Fiber, Protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Copper and Manganese. Also high in Sodium.
The nutritional value of spinach makes it ideal for:
- Weight loss
- Maintaining optimum health
Don't include too much spinach in your diet if you're interested in:
Nutritional Values
| Preparation |
Serving Size |
Carbs |
Fiber (g) |
Fat (g) |
Energy (kj) |
| English Spinach - raw |
35g |
0 |
1 |
0 |
20 |
| English Spinach - cooked |
35g |
0 |
2 |
0 |
25 |
| English Spinach - frozen |
35g |
0 |
1.5 |
0 |
30 |
|
Promotes Gastrointestinal Health
The vitamin C and beta-carotene in spinach help to protect the colon cells from the damaging effects of free radicals. And the folate in spinach helps to prevent DNA damage and mutations in colon cells, even when they are exposed to cancer-causing chemicals. Studies show that people who eat foods high in vitamin C, beta-carotene, and/or folate are at a much lower risk of getting colon cancer than those who don't. |